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선행 연구 소개

The algorithm has been proposed for these applications ... 

In recent years, numerous studies have attempted to ...

Some arguments have been made that

Research on ~ is still in its early stage ...

~ has been reported to 

~ has recently been established by ...

선행 연구 한계 / 차별성

Although this approach improves performance, it results in an unacceptable number of ..

Previous work has focused only on ...

However, the experimental configuration was far from the optimal ...

More detailed study were necessary for ..

~involves various kinds of problems. 

현재 연구의 목적, 방향성

This paper focuses on ..

The purpose of this study is to describe and examine ..

In order to investigate the ..

In this paper, we present ...

The approach we have used in this study aims to ..

The present paper deals with / concerns / discusses ..

연구 개요

Generally speaking, 

in generally

in most/all cases

In this section, we compare/evaluate/present

It is evident from the results that ..

On the whole, 

인과 관계

It appears that ..

It can/may be inferred/assumed that ..

It is (very/highly/extremely) probable that

It would seem that

The evidence suggests that

There is a correlation / no interrelation / some relation

The cause of ..

결과 데이터 설명

according to Fig 1

as can be seen from/in Fig 1

as detailed/indicated/shown/listed in Fig 1

as illustrated in Fig 1

compare Fig 1 and 4 shows that 

Fig 1 contains/corresponds to / demonstrates / displays / gives / illustrates / lists / plots / presents / provides / reports / reveals / shows / summarizes /

... increase gradually 

결과 데이터 비교

as expected

as predicted by

contrary to

compare well with

The results are qualitatively similar to those of

This study confirms/contradicts/corresponds to/extends/verify/supports ..

....times as hig as 

... below/under/less that ..

... similar to ...

결과, 제안

it could be concluded/conceivable/evident that

in indicates/seems/suggests/is apparent that

it is therefore speculated that

Our results provided compelling evidence that

Our study provides the framework for

We have derived exact analytic expression for ..

... has been solved

... is explained / interpreted

... are believed to ..

... has been solved as follows: 

잠재적 가능성

Our results are encouraging and should be validated in 

This finding is promising and should be explored with

This approach has potential in areas such as 

The method could be applied ...

This could eventually lead to ...

결론

... be summarized

The summary of the results is ..

It is concluded that ...

향후 과제

Further investigations ..

further work/study is need/planed

... should be explored /validated / verified

... are left as future problems.

... still remains

... is now underwayt / in progress. 

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빈도의 단계

1. Each / every time / without exception / on each, every occasion / invariably / always 

2. habitually / as a rule / generally / noramly / usually

3. regularly / repeatedly 

4. frequently / often / commonly / 

5. more often than not

6. as often as not

7. sometimes / on some occasions / at times

8. occasionally / now and then / from time to time

9. rarely / seldom / infrequently

10. hardly ever / barely ever / almost never / scarcely ever